Optimization of the Guidance Process for New Bachelors for the Choice Of Training in Higher Education in Cameroon Using ICT

Abstract

Entering higher education in Cameroon is an important moment for young people who have completed their secondary education. It is a time when they lay the foundations for their future careers. They are called upon to make a decision: to choose a course of study. This decision is very important and can be influenced by a number of formal and informal factors. The academic guidance services responsible for helping these young people make their choices are facing enormous difficulties, including a quantitative and qualitative shortage of staff. This situation has a number of consequences, including wasted education, unresolved choices and mismatches between education and employment. The problem identified here is known in the literature as a decision support problem. Two categories of approaches are proposed to solve this type of problem, namely multi-criteria decision support algorithms and solutions based on machine learning and recommendation systems. This second category of methods puts much more emphasis on the profile, which refers to the academic background of the actor, and seems to neglect the actor`s preferences, which are very important in the selection process. Consequently, taking into account the actor`s preferences in the selection process remains an open problem in the scientific community. In this paper, we propose an optimized school selection process based on ICT. The process integrates an actor`s profile and preferences to better refine his choice. The proposed process has made it possible to develop a prototype that guides a new bachelor to the best higher education in Cameroon.